Aerospace Fasteners
We provide best in class aerospace fasteners for use in the most demanding applications in the industry. Our products can be found on a number of applications which include:
• Jet Engines | All applications, including hot section and rotating parts
• Wheels & Brakes | Aerospace landing gears and braking systems
• Airframes | Airframe and structural
• Satellites | All applications
• Rocket Engines | Manned space flight, commercial launch, and military
• Auxiliary Power Units | Various APU’s
• International Space Station | Thousand of parts in main frameworks
• Propellers | Critical applications
• Helicopters | Critical applications, including rotating parts
• Missiles | Every application in missile defense
• Tank Engines | Critical applications
• Land and Sea Power Generation | Critical applications
Precision Machined Components
From rapid prototyping in quantities of 1-15 pieces or long run production runs (10,000+ pcs) of complex multi-featured parts, Hartford Aircraft Products Inc. brings over 100 years of deep experience in producing precision CNC machined components and assemblies using an impressive portfolio of the latest high speed, multi-axis machine tool technology and the latest CAD CAM Software.
Our areas of focus include the following:
• Swiss Turning, Multi-Axis CNC
• Mill Turning, Multi-Axis CNC
• Horizontal Milling, High Speed CNC
• 5-Axis Milling, High Speed CNC
• Burnishing, Super Precision
• Thread Rolling
• 3D CAD Design
Please see our capabilities page for some in depth detail on these services.
Materials
The Alloy Nickel Inconel 718 is a nickel-chromium alloy with high strength and corrosion resistance. It is used at temperatures ranging from -423° to 1300°F (-253° to 705°C). As an age-hardenable alloy, the alloy Nickel Inconel 718 can be readily fabricated in very complex parts, and its welding characteristics are also outstanding. It also has good tensile, fatigue, creep, and rupture strength, which combined with easy fabrication and corrosion resistance.
Due to its combination of properties, the Nickel Inconel 718 is used for a wide range of applications, such as liquid-fueled rockets, rings, and casings, various formed sheet metal parts for aircraft and land-based gas turbine engines, cryogenic tankage, and for fasteners and instrumentation parts.
Cobalt-Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Bars, 19Cr – 36Co – 25Ni – 7.0Mo – 0.50Cb (Nb) – 2.9Ti – 0.20Al – 9.0Fe, Vacuum Induction Plus Vacuum Consumable Electrode Melted Solution Heat Treated and Work Strengthened AMS5842.
This specification covers a high strength, corrosion and heat resistant cobalt-nickel-chromium alloy in the form of bars.
The 400 series group of stainless steels has an 11 percent chromium and 1-percent manganese increase, above the 300 series group. The 400 series is susceptible to rust and corrosion under some conditions. Heat-treating will harden the 400 series. The 400 series of stainless steels have higher carbon content, giving it a martensitic crystalline structure. This provides high strength and high wear resistance. Martensitic stainless steels aren’t as corrosion resistant as the austenitic types.
400 Series Applications
Type 405 | A ferritic steel, used especially for welding applications
Type 408 | Heat-resistant; poor corrosion resistance; 11% chromium, 8% nickel
Type 409 | Cheapest type; used for automobile exhausts; ferritic (iron/chromium only)
Type 410 | Martensitic (high-strength iron/chromium). Wear-resistant, but less corrosion-resistant
Type 416 | Easy to machine due to additional sulfur
Type 420 | Cutlery Grade martensitic; Excellent polishability
Type 430 | Decorative steel, used for automotive trim; ferritic. Good formability, but with reduced temperature and corrosion resistance
Type 440 | A higher grade of cutlery steel, with more carbon in it, which allows for much better edge retention when the steel is heat-treated properly.
Type 446 | For elevated temperature service
AMS 6304 is a specification of Steel 17-22A, which is ultra-high-strength low alloy steel with a high percentage of Carbon, Molybdenum, Vanadium, and Chromium. Its main characteristics are excellent high-temperature strength and high heat resistance.
This Steel 17-22A specification is mainly used for manufacturing of parts that require high heat resistance in the aircraft industry.
AMS 6304 is available as bar, forging and tubing, and is characterized by 1000-hour rupture strength of temperatures up to 1100°F (593°C) or 30,000 psi.
There are three recommended heat treatments for AMS 6304. Normalizing is done at a temperature of 1700-1850°F (926-1010°C). Hold at that temperature for each inch of thickness. Then the part should be air cooled or fan cooled if the process is to be accelerated. Please note that all surfaces of the part must have access to air for even cooling.
After normalizing, annealing is done at 1450°F (787°C) for one hour per inch of thickness to get to 1100°F (593°C). Additional hardening can be achieved by oil quenching at a temperature of 1750°F (955°C).
The AMS 6304 specification can be welded using all popular welding processes. The use of a welding rod with the 17-22A(S) is recommended, due to its higher concentration of carbon and chromium.
An age hardened nickel-chromium-based superalloy, Inconel 718 is ideal for extreme environments that require oxidation and corrosion resistant, even when subjected to pressure and heat. Twice as strong as Inconel 625, 718 is renowned for its high yield strength and usability to 1800°F. Often selected by industry for their high temperature strength capabilities, Inconel 718 also delivers strength and ductility at cryogenic temperatures.
Corrosion Resistance
Inconel 718 offers excellent resistance due to their nickel-chromium content, even combating chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking. The nickel in alloy 718 helps provide resistance to many inorganic and organic compounds throughout wide ranges of acidity and alkalinity, with the exception of strongly oxidizing compounds. It’s chromium content enables it to withstand sulfur compounds and mild oxidizing media, while molybdenum helps prevent pitting. Key corrosion resistance attributes of Inconel 718 include:
- Highly resistant to chloride and sulfide stress corrosion cracking.
- Excellent resistance to H2S, CO2, chloride, and sour gas environments.
- Resistant to aqueous corrosion.
- Provides protection in oil & gas drilling environments at high temperatures.
AMS 5844 is a sub-type specification of Cobalt M35N, a cobalt-based and non-magnetic alloy of the Multiphase family with a high percentage of nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. This specification shows outstanding corrosion resistance in many different solutions and environments.
These include chloride solutions, such as seawater and hydrogen sulfide. AMS 5844 is even resistant to mineral acids, such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulphuric acid. The alloy shows excellent oxidation resistance at high temperatures and very good sulfidation resistance. Finally, AMS 5844 is characterized by an outstanding ultra-high-strength of 260 ksi to 300 ksi (1790 mPa to 2070 mPa).
Thanks to the plethora of positive qualities, AMS 5844 finds use in many fields, including Aircraft and Aerospace industries, Oil & Gas Industry, Chemical Industry, Marine Industry, and Food-Processing industry.
A Precipitation-Hardening Martensitic Stainless with High Strength and Hardness and Good Corrosion Resistance.
Alloy 17-4PH (UNS S17400), Type 630, is a chromium-nickel-copper precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel with an addition of niobium. 17-4PH combines high strength and hardness with good corrosion resistance.
The alloy is furnished in the solution annealed condition (Condition A). It should not be used at temperatures above 572°F (300°C) or for cryogenic service. Optimal mechanical properties can be obtained by subjecting the alloy to age hardening heat treatments. Heat treatment in the 900°F (482°C) range produces the highest strength.
The corrosion resistance of Alloy 17-4PH is comparable to 304 stainless steel in most environments, and is generally superior to the 400 series stainless steels. It is used in applications where the combination of moderate corrosion resistance and unusually high strength are required.
Alloy 17-4PH can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices. It is magnetic.
Applications
• Aerospace — structural and parts
• Biomedical — hand tools
• Chemical Processing
• Food Process Equipment
• Gate Valves
• Mechanical Components
• Nuclear Waste Processing and Storage
• Oil and Gas Production — foils, helicopter deck platforms, etc.
• Pulp and Paper — paper mill equipment
Typical heat treatment at 980⁰C -1010⁰C, followed by air or oil quenching (depending on material thickness) and 2-hour tempering twice at minimum 620⁰C gives Greek Ascoloy (Alloy 418) a superior creep strength and resistance to stress-corrosion cracking and tempering as compared to the general properties of 12% chromium stainless steels.
Filler metal, UNS S41880, has extra molybdenum (0.50 max.), copper (0.50 max.) and tin (0.05 max.) for effective welding process.
Applications
Compressor components
Steam and gas turbine blades
Steam turbine buckets
Elevated temperature bolts
Alloy Steel 8740 can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices. Alloy Steel 8740 has excellent corrosion resistance, higher creep, stress-to-rupture and tensile strength at elevated temperature, and able to maintain clean surfaces. Alloy Steel 8740 is used for Petroleum refining equipment, Textile industry equipment, textile tubing, Scrubbers for environmental control, etc. Alloy Steel 8740 may be considered for a wide variety of applications where one or more properties are important. Since Alloy Steel 8740 has a high rate of work hardening, positive feeds are recommended, where the use of carbide tooling will double machining speed.
4130 steel is a chromium-molybdenum alloy steel and is considered a low carbon steel. It has a density of 7.85 g/cm3 (0.284 lb/in3) and benefits from heat-treatment hardening. It is an exceptional welding steel, being weldable in all commercial methods, and is readily machined in its normalized/tempered condition.
Typical applications for 4130 low alloy steel include structural use such as aircraft engine mounts and welded tubing applications. Annealing ASTM 4130 alloy steel offers excellent ductility. AISI 4130 steel is usually supplied as round bar commonly in the hardened and tempered condition.
AISI 4130 steel alloy is used primarily in the construction of commercial and military aircraft and ground support systems.
Alloy steel 4130 is an intermediate strength material. Lighter gauges offer lighter weight but still maintain great strength, making it excellent for auto racing and aerospace.
Applications
- Commercial aircraft, aircraft engine mounts
- Military aircraft
- Automotive
- Machine tools
- Hydraulic tools
- Auto racing
- Aerospace
- Oil and gas industries – as forged valve bodies and pumps
- Agricultural and defense industries etc.
Waspaloy is a nickel-based superalloy with excellent strength properties through temperatures of roughly 980°C (1800°F). Other characteristics of Waspaloy include good corrosion resistance, as well as being relatively impervious to oxidation making it well suited for service in extreme environments.
Waspaloy has useful strength at temperatures up to 760-870°C (1400-1600°F), and good oxidation resistance in gas turbine engine atmospheres up to 870°C (1600°F).
Waspaloy is often used in extreme environments. It is common in gas turbine blades, seals, rings, shafts and turbine disks.
Forgings refer to products manufactured by the process of shaping metal. Forging produces pieces that are stronger than an equivalent cast or machined part.
15-5 stainless steel is a martensitic, precipitation-hardening material with chromium, nickel and copper. It is often a first choice in the aerospace industry for fasteners and structural components. Its unique structure provides increased toughness and better corrosion resistance.
This grade may be used for valve parts, fittings and fasteners, forged shafts and gears, engine parts, chemical process equipment, paper mill equipment, and components for aircraft and nuclear reactors.
Alloy 355 is a chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel which can be hardened by martensitic transformation and/or precipitation hardening. It has been used for gas turbine compressor components such as blades, discs, rotors and shafts and similar parts where high strength is required at intermediate elevated temperatures.
Depending upon the heat treatment, alloy 355 may have an austenitic structure and formability similar to other austenitic stainless steels or a martensitic structure and high strength comparable to other martensitic stainless steels. High strengths may also be attained by cold working, and are maintained (whether produced by heat treatment or by cold work) at temperature up to 1000 °F (538 °C).
Alloy 355 has corrosion resistance superior to that of other quench-hardenable martensitic stainless steels. It offers good resistance to atmospheric corrosion and to a number of other mild chemical environments. Material in the double-aged or equalized and over tempered condition is susceptible to intergranular corrosion because of grain boundary precipitaiton of carbides. When this alloy is hardened by sub-zero cooling, it is not subject to intergranular attack.
4340 is a heat treatable, low alloy steel containing nickel, chromium and molybdenum. It is known for its toughness and capability of developing high strength in the heat treated condition while retaining good fatigue strength.
Applications
Typical applications are for structural use, such as aircraft landing gear, power transmission gears and shafts and other structural parts.
4140 is a versatile alloy with good atmospheric corrosion resistance and reasonable strength. It shows good overall combinations of strength, toughness, wear resistance and fatigue strength.
This alloy finds many applications as forgings for the aerospace and oil and gas industries, along with myriad uses in the automotive, agricultural and defense industries, Typical uses are forged gears and shafts, spindles, fixtures, jigs and collars.
A286 alloy is an iron-base superalloy useful for applications requiring high strength and corrosion resistance up to 1300°F (704°C) and for lower stress applications at higher temperatures. Type A286 alloy is a heat and corrosion resistant austenitic iron-base material which can be age hardened to a high strength level. The alloy is also used for low temperature applications requiring a ductile, non-magnetic high strength material at temperatures ranging from above room temperature down to at least -320°F (- 196°C). The alloy may be used for moderate corrosion applications in aqueous solutions. Type A286 alloy can be produced by AOD refining or vacuum induction melting. Vacuum arc or electroslag remelting procedures may be used to further refine the material.
Resistance to Corrosion
Type A286 alloy content is similar in chromium, nickel, and molybdenum to some of the austenitic stainless steels. Consequently, A286 alloy possesses a level of aqueous corrosion resistance comparable to that of the austenitic stainless steels. In elevated temperature service, the level of corrosion resistance to atmospheres such as those encountered in jet engine applications is excellent to at least 1300°F (704°C). Oxidation resistance is high for continuous service up to 1500°F (816°C) and intermittent service up to 1800°F (982°C).
Applications
• Jet engine components
• Fasteners
• Springs
• After Burner Parts
• Industrial Gas Turbines
• Moderate corrosion application in Aqueous Solutions
• Non-Magnetic Cryogenic Eq.
Titanium is 30% stronger than steel, but is nearly 50% lighter. Titanium is 60% heavier than aluminum, but twice as strong. Titanium has excellent strength retention to 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Titanium is alloyed with aluminum, manganese, iron, molybdenum and other metals to increase strength, to withstand high temperatures, and to lighten the resultant alloy. Titanium’s high corrosion resistance is also a valuable characteristic; as when exposed to the atmosphere, titanium forms a tight, tenacious oxide film that resists many corrosive materials, particularly salt water.
In the 1950s, the titanium metal industry was established primarily in response to the emerging aerospace industry, which used it in the manufacture of airframe structural components and skin, aircraft hydraulic systems, air engine components, rockets, missiles, and spacecraft, where these properties are invaluable. The military also uses titanium in its guided missiles and in artillery. Other practical applications have evolved over time such as shipbuilding: in submarines, ship’s propellers, shafts, rigging, and other highly corrosive parts. Titanium is being increasingly utilized for medical applications due to its lightweight, its strength, and its hypoallergenic properties, as titanium is also nickel free.
The 300 series stainless steels are classified as austenitic and are hardenable only by cold working methods. These grades of stainless have approximately 18% to 30% chromium and 6% to 20% nickel as their major alloying additions. This series of stainless steel alloys are known to resist corrosion while maintaining their strength at high temperatures. While the 304 grade is the most widely used alloy of all stainless steels, the 300 series grades are inventoried in stainless steel plate, sheet, bar, pipe, tube and fittings and much more.
301 Stainless Steel
Type 301 Stainless Steel is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel that provides high strength and good ductility when cold worked. The chromium and nickel contents are lowered to increase the cold work-hardening rate. This generates higher tensile strengths when cold rolled with a lower loss of ductility than with Types 302 and 304. The grade is essentially non-magnetic when annealed. When cold worked, it becomes slightly more magnetic than other standard austenitic stainless steels. Cleveland Metal is your source for 301 stainless steel.
304 and 304L Stainless Steel
Type 304 Stainless Steel is the most widely used of the austenitic (chromium/nickel) stainless steels. In the annealed condition it is essentially non-magnetic and becomes slightly magnetic with the application of cold work. Type 304L Stainless Steel is preferred in welding applications to exclude the formation of chromium carbides during cooling in the heat affected region of the weld. These alloys represent an excellent combination of corrosion resistance and fabricability.
316 and 316L Stainless Steel
Type 316 Stainless Steel is an austenitic chromium nickel stainless steel containing molybdenum. This addition increases general corrosion resistance, improves resistance to pitting from chloride ion solutions, and provides increased strength at elevated temperatures. Properties are similar to those of Type 304 except that this alloy is somewhat stronger at elevated temperatures. Corrosion resistance is improved, particularly against sulfuric, hydrochloric, acetic, formic and tartaric acids; acid sulfates and alkaline chlorides. Type 316L Stainless Steel is an extra-low carbon version of Type 316 that minimizes harmful carbide precipitation in the heat affected zone during welding.
321 Stainless Steel
Type 321 Stainless Steel is a stabilized austenitic stainless steel similar to Type 304 but with a titanium addition of at least five times the carbon content. This titanium addition reduces or prevents carbide precipitation during welding and in 800 – 1500F service. It also improves the elevated temperature properties of the alloy. Type 321 provides excellent resistance to oxidation and corrosion and possesses good creep strength. It is used primarily in applications involving continuous and intermittent service temperatures within the carbide precipitation range of 800 – 1500F.
Custom 455 stainless is a martensitic age-hardenable double vacuum-melted stainless steel. This alloy is known for being soft and formable in the annealed condition. However single-step aging treatments result in exceptionally high yield strength along with good ductility and toughness. The Custom 455 grade should be considered for applications that require simplicity of heat treatment, ease of fabrication, high strength and corrosion resistance are needed in combination. Typical applications are architectural, food processing and handling, heat exchangers and conveyors.
4340VM is a low alloy, vacuum melted, steel of very high strength. Essentially it is a modified AISI 4340 steel with silicon, vanadium and slightly greater carbon and molybdenum content than 4340. 4340VM has a very good combination of strength (280 to 305 ksi), toughness, fatigue strength and good ductility. It is a through hardening alloy.
Applications
Applications for 4340VM steel are those that require strength in the 290 – 300 ksi range, such as aircraft landing gear, high strength bolts and airframe parts.
Machining is best accomplished with the alloy in the normalized or normalized and tempered condition. Final machining to finish tolerances is done by grinding with care due the hardness of the heat treated alloy (Rockwell C 55). It is important to do a stress relief anneal at 550 F after finish grinding.
Formability by conventional methods is good in the annealed condition. The alloy behaves much like AISI 4340 steel. Welding: 300M can be welded by fusion methods or by flash resistance welding. Approved procedures must be used for fusion welding, including pre and post-heating practice, because the alloy will air harden due to heat input from welding. Following welding it is essential to re-normalize or re-normalize and temper prior to the final hardening heat treatment.
Alloy 188 is non-magnetic. It has good high temperature strength up to 1800ºF (982°C) and good oxidation resistance up to 2100ºF (1149°C). This alloy performs well in continuous high temperature service and has excellent oxidation, spalling and corrosion resistance, achieved through the addition of chromium in combination with a minute amount of lanthanum. The lanthanum addition produces a tenacious, protective oxide scale at high temperatures. This alloy also maintains its ductility at cryogenic temperatures but strength levels are increased substantially.
This specification covers a corrosion and heat resistant cobalt alloy in the form of bars, forgings, flash welded rings, and stock for forging or flash welded rings.
Aluminum is ideal for aircraft manufacture because it’s lightweight and strong. Aluminum is roughly a third the weight of steel, allowing an aircraft to carry more weight and or become more fuel efficient. Furthermore, aluminum’s high resistance to corrosion ensures the safety of the aircraft and its passengers.
High performance engineering plastics are a natural fit for the aerospace industry due to their light weight compared with other industrial materials. A typical engineering polymer has half the density of aluminum or glass and 1/6th the density of steel.
